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When configured as an OpenVPN server, the Endian UTM Appliance can accept remoteconnections from the uplink and allow a VPN client to be set up andinteract with the local resources as if it were a local workstation orserver.
The OpenVPN server on the Endian UTM Appliance allows the simultaneous presenceof several server instances. Each instance listens on a differentport, and accepts incoming connections to that port only.
Moreover, when the hardware on which Endian UTM Appliance is installed hasmultiple CPU cores, every instance may be assigned more that one core,thus resulting in an increase of the throughput and data processing ofthat instance. It is nevertheless also possible to have multipleinstances of OpenVPN running on a device equipped with a single-coreCPU, though this results in possibly reduced performances since theCPU carries the load of all instances.
Once logged in, click on the Downloads menu item, where you should see the available Endian ConnectAPP installer files, at which point you can click the file for your specific operating system Windows or Mac OS X. Once the download is complete, follow your operating system's normal procedure to run the Endian ConnectAPP's installation. Mar 02, 2017. This release also fixes a security issue (CVE-2020-11810, trac #1272) which allows disrupting service of a freshly connected client that has not yet not negotiated session keys. The vulnerability cannot be used to inject or steal VPN traffic.
The OpenVPN server settings page is composed of three tabs:Server configuration, EasyVPN and VPNclient download.
This page shows a switch called Enable OpenVPN server, thatwill start the OpenVPN server and all services related to it (likee.g., the VPN firewall if enabled) once clicked.
Below, there are two boxes, OpenVPN settings -that allows to set upsome global settings shared by all the instances- and OpenVPNInstances - that containes the list of the OpenVPN server instancesdefined on the Endian UTM Appliance.
At the bottom of the page, the Add new OpenVPN serverinstance link allows to define a new server instance and is followedby the list of the OpenVPN server instances defined.
Note
When starting the OpenVPN server for the first time, theroot and host certificates are generated automatically.
The box on the top shows the current OpenVPN settings, which concernthe authentication method, and are:
There are three available authentication methods to connect clientsto the OpenVPN server running on the Endian UTM Appliance:
- PSK (username and password). Connection is established afterproviding correct username and password.
- X.509 certificate. A valid certificate only is needed toconnect.
- X.509 certificate & PSK (two factor). Both a valid certificate,and a username/passwords combination are needed.
Warning
When employing certificate-only authentication, aclient with a valid certificate will be granted access to theOpenVPN server even if it has no valid account!
Endian UTM Appliance’s default method is PSK (username/password):The client authenticates using username and password. To use thismethod, no additional change is needed, while the other two methodsare described below.
This drop-down menu is used to select the method of creation of anew certificate. The available options are:
- Use selected certificate. Select one certificate from thoseavailable, shown on the right-hand side of the drop-down menu. Itis possible to see the full details of this certificate byclicking on the View details hyperlink.HintThe name of the certificate selected appears rightabove the hyperlink.
- Use an existing certificate. A new drop-down menu on theright-hand side on the left allows to select a certificate thathas already been created and stored on the Endian UTM Appliance.
- Generate a new certificate. Create a new certificate fromscratch. This option is only available if no host certificate hasalready been generated. A form will open where to specify alloptions necessary to create a new certificate. These are the samefound in the new certificates generationeditor, with two slight changes: Common name becomes Systemhostname and Organizational unit name becomes Departmentname.
- Upload a certificate. By clicking on the Browse…button that appears underneath the drop-down menu it will bepossible to select from the workstation and to upload an existingcertificate. The password for the certificate, if needed, can beprovided in the textfield on the right-hand side.
- Upload a certificate signing request. The Browse…button that appears underneath the drop-down menu can be clickedto select from the workstation and upload an existing certificatesigning request. The validity of the certificate in days can beprovided in the textfield on the right-hand side.
Note
Note that it is currently not possible to generate aLet’s Encrypt CA from here.
On the right of the Certificate configuration drop-down menu, thename of the currently used certificate is shown, above the icon and the View details link. The latter will show allinformation about the certificate when clicked.
Below the Certificate configuration drop-down menu, there is the icon , with the name of the Certificate Authority and theDownload certificate link to download the certificate neededfor the client connections.
In the Advanced options panel, a few options are available tocustomise the OpenVPN server.
A tick on the checkbox will allow to delay the triggers launchedwhenever a client connects to or disconnects from the OpenVPNserver. Since triggers are mostly a reload of routing and firewallrules, this option proves useful when many clients connect ordisconnect at the same time.
This option allows to increase or decrease the amount of messageswritten in the log file. The default value is 1, whichmeans that only the most relevant messages are written to the logfile, and can be increased up to 5.
When this option is ticked, whenever a client connect, it willreceive an entry in the local DNS server, for other clients to beable to connect easily to it. The next option will appear.
A custom prefix that will be prefixed to the username of a clientto uniquely identify it when using the local DNS.
Hint
If the prefix written here is vpn, the entrywill be vpn-username, like e.g.,vpn-johndoe.
In this panel appears the list of already defined OpenVPN instances,which displays the following data: The name, a remark, and somedetails about the configuration, namely: The port on which it islistening, the protocol, the type of device, the type ofnetwork, and the available actions.
Above the table is present the Add new OpenVPN serverinstance hyperlink. A click on this link will open an editor in whichto provide all the necessary configuration values for a new VPNinstance.
Note
When the number of OpenVPN instances in greater than thecores, a yellow callout informs that the performances may degrade.
In the editor, the following configuration options are shown.
The name given to the OpenVPN server instance.
A comment for this instance.
The IP address to which the instance should listen to.
The port on which the instance waits for incoming connections.
Note
Each server must be configured on a different port.
The device used by the instance, chosen between TUN and TAP fromthe drop-down menu. TUN devices require that the traffic be routed,hence the option Bridged below is not available for TUN devices.
The protocol used, chosen between TCP and UDP from the drop-downmenu.
Tick this option to run the OpenVPN server in bridged mode,i.e., within one of the existing zones.
Note
If the OpenVPN server is not bridged (i.e., it isrouted), the clients will receive their IP addresses from adedicated subnet. In this case, appropriate firewall rules inthe VPN firewall should be created, to make surethe clients can access any zone, or some server/resource (e.g.,a source code repository) therein. If the OpenVPN server isbridged, it inherits the firewall settings of the zone it isdefined in.
The zone to which the OpenVPN server should be bridged. Thedrop-down menu shows only the available zones.
This option is the only available if bridged mode is disabled. Itallows the OpenVPN server to run in its own, dedicated subnet, thatcan be specified in the text box and should be different from thesubnets of the other zones.
The first possible IP address in the network of the selected zonethat should be used for the OpenVPN clients.
The last possible IP address in the network of the selected zonethat should be used for the OpenVPN clients.
Routed and bridged OpenVPN server, static and dynamic IPaddresses.
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When configuring a pool of IP addresses to be reserved for clientsconnecting via OpenVPN, it is necessary to keep in mind a fewguidelines that help both the prevention of future malfunctioningand the cleaner and easier design and set up.
Before starting the configuration of the server, there is a goldenrule to remember, concerning the implementation of the VPNmulticore architecture: Regardless of the bridged or routed modeused for a multicore VPN server instance, the reservation of staticIP addresses is neglected. In other words, a client connecting tothis VPN server, will receive a dynamic IP address, even though inher configuration there is a static IP assignment.
The first choice is to define whether the OpenVPN server should actin routed or bridged mode. In the former case, it is necessary todefine a suitable VPN subnet that will provide the IP addressesfor the clients. The traffic directed to this subnet has to befiltered, if necessary, using the VPN firewall. Inthe latter case, the OpenVPN server is configured to consider theclients, upon connecting, as they were physically connected to thatzone, i.e., the server bridges the client to one of the zones. Inthis case, a pool of IP addresses must be defined within that zoneusing the two option that appear right before this box. This poolmust be entirely contained in the zone’s subnet and smaller thanthat one. It is also important to make sure that this pool doesconflict with other pools defined in that zone, likee.g., a DHCP server.
In a bridged OpenVPN server it is possible to assign to some (oreven to all) user a static IP address. When planning thispossibility, it is a good practice that these static IP addressesdo not belong to any of the IP pools defined in that zone, toprevent any conflicts of address and wrong routing. Traffic to thisparticular client can then be filtered using the VPN (or IPsec)user as source or destination of traffic in the Firewall rules.
This drop-down menu is used to select the method of creation of anew certificate. The available options are:
- Use selected certificate. Select one certificate from thoseavailable, shown on the right-hand side of the drop-down menu. Itis possible to see the full details of this certificate byclicking on the View details hyperlink.HintThe name of the certificate selected appears rightabove the hyperlink.
- Use an existing certificate. A new drop-down menu on theright-hand side on the left allows to select a certificate thathas already been created and stored on the Endian UTM Appliance.
- Generate a new certificate. Create a new certificate fromscratch. This option is only available if no host certificate hasalready been generated. A form will open where to specify alloptions necessary to create a new certificate. These are the samefound in the new certificates generationeditor, with two slight changes: Common name becomes Systemhostname and Organizational unit name becomes Departmentname.
- Upload a certificate. By clicking on the Browse…button that appears underneath the drop-down menu it will bepossible to select from the workstation and to upload an existingcertificate. The password for the certificate, if needed, can beprovided in the textfield on the right-hand side.
- Upload a certificate signing request. The Browse…button that appears underneath the drop-down menu can be clickedto select from the workstation and upload an existing certificatesigning request. The validity of the certificate in days can beprovided in the textfield on the right-hand side.
Note
Note that it is currently not possible to generate aLet’s Encrypt CA from here.
On the right of the Certificate configuration drop-down menu, thename of the currently used certificate is shown, above the icon and the View details link. The latter will show allinformation about the certificate when clicked.
Below the Certificate configuration drop-down menu, there is the icon , with the name of the Certificate Authority and theDownload certificate link to download the certificate neededfor the client connections.
In the Advanced options box, additional options can beconfigured.
The drop-down menu allows to chose how many CPUs of the Endian UTM Appliancecan be used by the instance, hence the options in the drop-downmenu may vary.
Normally, one client is allowed to connect from one location at atime. Selecting this option permits multiple client logins, evenfrom different locations. However, when the same client is connecttwice or more, the VPN firewall rules do not apply anymore.
Tick this checkbox when receiving DHCP responses from the LAN atthe other side of the VPN tunnel that conflict with the local DHCPserver.
Select from the drop-dow menu the modalities of the communicationsbetween clients of the OpenVPN server. This option is onlyavailable on single-process servers, i.e., on servers running onlyone instance of the OpenVPN server.
- Not allowed: The clients can not communicate one to theother.
- Allow direct connections: The clients can communicatedirectly with each other but filtering is not possible.
- https://siteblock189.weebly.com/dj-mixing-software-for-mac-104.html. Filter connections in the VPN firewall The clients cancommunicate with each other, but their traffic is redirected tothe VPN Firewall and can be filtered using suitable rules there.
Note
In case of Appliances having multi-core CPUs, there is noselection possible and the option Filter connections inthe VPN firewall is automatically activated.
This option allows to modify the time interval after which the datachannel key will be renegotiated. The value is measured in seconds,with the default value set to 3600 seconds.
By ticking this checkbox, the nameserver specified in the textfieldbelow are sent to the clients upon connection.
The nameservers specified in this textfield are sent to theconnected clients, when the previous checkbox has been ticked.
By ticking this checkbox, the routes to the networks defined in thetextfield below are sent to the connected clients.
The networks specified in this textfield are sent to theconnected clients, when the previous checkbox has been ticked.
By ticking this checkbox, the search domain defined in thetextfield on the right-hand side,is added to those of the connected clients.
Note
The options Push these nameservers andPush domain only work for clients running the MicrosoftWindows operating system.
The domain that will be used to identify the servers and networkresources in the VPN network (i.e., the search domain).
The authentication type for this instance of OpenVPN. By default itwill inherit the global configuration. However, this can beoverridden by specifying manually one of the available optionshere. They are: PSK (username/password), X.509certificate and X.509 certificate & PSK (twofactor). They are the same as in the global option.
This drop-down menu allows to choose the cipher that is used by theOpenVPN server. The default value is Auto, which meansthat the cipher is automatically negotiated. Free download patch idm 618 build 7.
This drop-down menu allows to choose the message digest algorithmthat is used by the OpenVPN server. The default value isAuto, which means that the cipher is automaticallynegotiated.
When this option is ticked, the whole VPN traffic through thisinstance will NOT be encrypted, i.e., it will be in plaintext. Moreover, the previous two options will disappear.
Warning
It is strongly suggested to not disable encryption onthe OpenVPN server, as the whole traffic will not be encryptedand could be read in case the communication is intercepted.
The first time the service is started a new, self-signed CAcertificate for this OpenVPN server is generated, an operation thatmay take a long time. After the certificate has been generated, it canbe downloaded by clicking on the Download CA certificatelink. This certificate must be used by all the clients that want toconnect to this OpenVPN server, otherwise they will not be able toaccess.
After the server has been set up, it is possible to create andconfigure accounts for clients that can connect to the Endian UTM Appliance inthe Authentication tab.
Tick this checkbox to make sure the OpenVPN server is started.
Troubleshooting VPN connections.
While several problem with VPN connections can be easily spotted bylooking at the configuration, one subtle source of connectionshiccups is a wrong value of the MTU size. The Endian UTM Appliancesets a limit of 1450 bytes to the size of the VPN’s MTU, to preventproblems with the common MTU value used by the ISP, whichis 1500. However, some ISP may use a MTU value lower that thecommonly used value, making the Endian MTU value too large andcausing therefore connection issues (the most visible one isprobably the impossibility to download large files). This value canbe modified by accessing the Endian UTM Appliance from the CLI andfollowing these guidelines:
- Write down the MTU size used by the ISP (see link below).
- Login to the CLI, either from a shell or fromMenubar ‣ System ‣ Web Console.
- Edit the OpenVPN template with an editor of choice:nano /etc/openvpn/openvpn.conf.tmpl.
- Search for the string mssfix 1450.
- Replace 1450 with a lower value, for example 1200.
- Restart OpenVPN by calling: jobcontrol restart openvpnjob.
The page contains a switch that needs to be clicked to enablethe Plug & Connect procedure, which allows the management of remoteEndian devices from the current Endian UTM Appliance.
If the procedure has never been carried out, the page contains a tablewith three links above it. The table contains the list of remotedevices, with the following information:
- The device name, which must be unique.
- The IP Address of the remote, assigned by the OpenVPN server.
- The description of the device.
- The available actions.
The three links above the table, Plug & Connect(Autoregistration), Add gateway, and Advancedsettings allow to start the Plug & connect procedure, manually add anew device, and define some option, respectively.
Plug & Connect versus Add gateway
Both autoregistration (Plug & Connect) and manualregistration (Add gateway) methods are intended to allowclient to remotely connect through the Endian UTM Appliance to gateways andendpoints by means of virtual IPs. The two procedures are howeverintended to be alternative one to each other and have differentpros and cons.
Plug & Connect allows to deploy a device in a remotelocation and build an immediate VPN connection to the Endian UTM Appliance,register it to the Endian Network, and add endpoints that are locatedbehind the remote appliance, that acts in fact as a gateway. Itsstrong point is that is quick and requires only a few information(activation code and passwords) and an internet connection to havea working remote gateway. It does not allow a thoroughconfiguration of the gateway’s local network and other options.
Manual registration on the contrary gives more controlover the configuration of the remote gateway, allowing to fullyconfigure the company data and networking. It is however slower andmay require to know in advance the network topology of the gatewaysand endpoints.
The plug and connect procedure allows to register a remote Endianappliance that can be managed by the current Endian UTM Appliance.
When clicking on the Plug & Connect Step (Autoregistration),the three-step procedure starts. In the first step, only one option isavailable.
Enter the activation code of the remote appliance to register tothe Endian UTM Appliance, then click on to proceed.
In the next step, the following options are available:
The name given to the device, which must be unique.
An optional description of the gateway.
The password of the admin user on the remote device.
Note
The password must be at least 8 characters longand must include a non alphanumeric characters.
Tick the checkbox if the password of the admin androot users on the remote device are the same. If notticked, the next option appears.
The password of the root user on the remote device.
Warning
The passwords provided here will overwrite those on theremote gateway!
Write the IP address of any endpoint that is reachable through theremote device. Click on the + to add more.
When done, click on to proceed to the laststep. Here, no option is available, follow the instructions and clickon . Once done, the appliance will appear onthe list.
See also
A detailed description of the plug & connect procedure,which includes the requirements to start the procedure, a morein-depth description, and troubleshooting options, can be found inarticle Endian Cloud - Plug & Connect.
When clicking on Add gateway, it will be possible to manuallyadd a device.
Note
This page is the same that is displayed when editing agateway, by clicking on the icon in theActions column of the Gateway table.
In the new page, options are grouped in two tabs,Gateway and Provisioning.
https://ameblo.jp/boaflatthechefs1983/entry-12639503292.html. In this tab it is possible to modify some of the properties of theremote gateway.
The name assigned to the new gateway, which must be unique.
A description for the device.
The password to access the gateway. Tick the checkbox on theright-hand side of the textbox to show in clear text thepassword.
The first information to be supplied is an approximate estimateof the endpoint that will be governed by the gateway.
A table showing all the endpoints controlled by the gateway,along with those information:
- The name of the endpoint.
- The endpoint’s IP address.
- A description of the endpoint.
Each field in each table’s row can be edited by double-clickingon it.
The management of the endpoints can be done using the buttons at thebottom of the table:
This option allows a new endpoint to be added to the gateway. Itsconfiguration can be carried out by double-clicking on the fieldsof the new row.
By clicking on this button, the highlighted endpoint is removedfrom the gateway. This button is active only when one row isselected.
Warning
The deletion of a row is immediate and can not bereversed.
This button toggles the table with a textfield, containing the sameinformation present in the table in CSV format, useful toexport the configuration of all endpoints.
In this section it is possible to define more precisely theconfiguration of a remote gateway. The available configurationsoptions are:
Choose the model of the device from those available in thedrop-down menu.
The activation code used to set up the gateway.
Note
Depending on the type of the model chosen, some of theoptions available will be filled in with suitable values.
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Choose the password for the root user, used for SSH (console) access.
Choose the password for the admin user, used for HTTPS (browser) access.
The hostname of the gateway
The gateway’s domain name.
The company to which the gateway belongs
The reference e-mail for the gateway, usually of the responsibleperson for that gateway.
The timezone in which the gateway is located.
The country where the gateway is located.
The type of the RED interface, i.e., how the gateway connects tothe Internet. Four types are available: DHCP,Static, No uplink, and 3G.
The interface that connects the gateway to the Internet. Theavailable options in this drop-down menu are determined by theModel chosen above. This option does not appear when the Redtype is set as No uplink
The following options are displayed according to the selected type ofred device. By choosing DHCP, none of them will appear.
The IP address of the RED interface. This option appears only whenthe RED type is Static.
The IP address of the gateway for the RED interface. This optionand the next one is needed to access the Internet and appears onlywhen the RED type is Static or No uplink.
The IP addresses of the DNS server used by the gateway, one perline. It appears only when the RED type is Static orNo uplink.
The name of the access point, appears only in the 3G/4Gand UMTS Red Type.
This option appears only for the 3G/4G Red Type andallows to select the type of modem to be used from the drop-downmenu, among those available: 3G/4G or CDMA
The interface of the GREEN zone, i.e., the one in which theendpoints are situated.
The IP address pool assigned to the GREEN zone.
The interface of the BLUE zone.
The IP address pool assigned to the BLUE zone.
The interface of the ORANGE zone.
The IP address pool assigned to the ORANGE zone.
A custom address used by the endpoint to connect to the OpenVPNserver.
Hint
The format to be used for the address in this and in thenext option is hostname.domain:port:protocol orIP.address:port:protocol, with the port or protocolas optional, hence valid values includevpn.example.com:1197:udp and123.45.67.89:1192.
If the protocol is specified, the port must be specified aswell.
A custom address used by the endpoint to connect to the fallbackOpenVPN server. Nexus 2 setup mac download.
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Tick the checkbox when the gateway uses a proxy for its connectionto the Internet. The next four options will appear to configurethat proxy.
The IP address of the upstream proxy server.
The port on which the proxy service runs on the server.
The username to connect to the proxy server, if needed.
The password to connect to the proxy server, if needed.
Click the checkbox if the upstream HTTP proxy requires NTLMAuthentication.
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If the upstream HTTP proxy needs to be contacted with a givenuser-agent, write it here.
Finally, a click on Advanced settings allows to define a fewadditional options.
This options defines the IP address subnet for the addresses of thegateways.
The public IP address or FQDN to be assigned to the OpenVPNserver.
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The username used to access Endian Network
The password of the Endian Network account or the Endian UTM Appliance’sregistration key.
Choose from the drop-down which should be the default model ofnew-added gateways.
Click on the link to download the Endian VPN client for MicrosoftWindows and MacOS X from the Endian Network. A valid account on Endian Networkis required.